Are you ready to embark on an adventure of resilience, survival, and unconventional family bonds? What happens when a daughter escapes the cycle of poverty and instability, only to confront the shadows of her past in the heart of New York City? Can a childhood marked by constant relocations, dumpster-dived gifts, and a father's grand dreams carve out a path to a life of authenticity and success? Discover this and more in the captivating journey of a family stubbornly clinging to their unique bond and the dream of a Glass Castle.

The Glass Castle

A taxi idled in New York traffic, its passenger, Jeannette Walls, staring out the window, caught between the luxury of her pearls and Park Avenue apartment, and the sight of her mother scavenging through a dumpster just feet away. Her mother, clad in rags, her hair a tangled mess, sifted through trash with the same delight she once showed while diving off cliffs or reading Shakespeare. Panic gripped Walls. She slouched in the back seat, hoping not to be seen, and ordered the driver to take her home.

Back in her opulent apartment, the juxtaposition of her life and her mother’s harsh reality gnawed at her. She tried to lose herself in Vivaldi, but the guilt lingered. She had tried to help her parents before, but her father would refuse aid, and her mother’s requests were often whimsical. Yet, seeing her mother digging through garbage sparked a desperate need to connect. She left a message for her mother through a mutual contact, their usual means of communication.

Days later, they met at a Chinese restaurant. Her mother, in a stained sweater, made an effort to look presentable, but her cheerful demeanor and habit of pocketing condiments from the table underscored her homelessness. Walls, battling her own embarrassment, asked how she could help. But her mother, dismissing any need for assistance, insisted she was fine. The conversation turned tense as her mother pointed out her misplaced values, urging her to accept the truth of their lives.

Walls' mind wandered back to her childhood. She remembered a time in Arizona when she was three, standing on a chair, cooking hot dogs. Her dress caught fire, and her mother, calmly extinguishing the flames with a blanket, rushed her to the hospital. The doctors marveled at her survival, performing skin grafts and bandaging her burns. Despite the trauma, she found solace in the hospital’s cleanliness and order, a stark contrast to the chaotic life in a trailer park.

Her father, a larger-than-life figure, would often appear with grand escape plans, whisking the family away in the dead of night to avoid imagined pursuers. His dreams of striking gold and building a glass castle for the family loomed large in her memory. They moved from one desolate mining town to another, her father’s charm securing short-term jobs while her mother thrived in the harsh desert environment.

Their nomadic life was punctuated by moments of laughter and fear, her father’s drunken rages tempered by his bedtime stories of heroics and near-mythical adventures. Despite their hardships, her parents instilled a sense of resilience and resourcefulness in their children. They learned to fend for themselves, finding beauty in the desolation of the desert and joy in the simple acts of survival.

As she sat with her mother, the daughter realized that her parents’ life choices, though incomprehensible to her, were a testament to their fierce independence. Her mother’s cheerful acceptance of her circumstances and her father’s unyielding dreams had shaped her own life in ways she was only beginning to understand. The daughter’s polished, curated existence on Park Avenue felt hollow compared to the raw, unfiltered life her parents embraced.

Can a Park Avenue Lifestyle Ever Compare to the Raw Reality of Dumpster Diving?

Jeannette Walls and her family lived in Las Vegas for a month in a cramped motel room, with her parents occupying one bed and the three kids squeezed into the other. Their days were spent in casinos, where her dad claimed to have a foolproof system for winning at blackjack. 

Jeannette and Brian played hide-and-seek among the slot machines, occasionally finding forgotten quarters. The highlight for them was watching the long-legged showgirls with their sparkling sequins and huge feathered costumes. At night, their dad would come back with his pockets full of money, treating them to cowboy hats, fringed vests, and chicken-fried steaks in frosty restaurants.

One night, their dad made a big win and declared it was time to live like high rollers. He took them to a saloon-themed restaurant where a woman with long gloves lit a flaming ice-cream cake for dessert, mesmerizing everyone. A few days later, they had to leave abruptly because their dad said the Mafia was after him. 

They packed up and headed west, eventually reaching San Francisco. They stayed in a character-filled hotel in the Tenderloin District, surrounded by sailors and heavily made-up women. While Jeannette's parents searched for investment money for their dad's latest invention, the Prospector, the kids played in the hotel.

One day, Jeannette found a box of matches and amused herself by lighting toilet paper in the bathroom. A few nights later, she woke to a fire near their bed. Paralyzed with fear, she watched as the flames grew until her dad burst in, wrapped her in a blanket, and carried them all to safety. They took refuge in a bar across the street, where a waitress offered them Cokes and Shirley Temples. Watching the fire trucks, Jeannette pondered the connection between all the fires she'd encountered.

After the hotel burned down, they briefly lived on the beach, sleeping in their car. A kind policeman directed them to a legal sleeping spot, but her dad was fed up with city life and decided they should move back to the desert to hunt for gold. They stopped near the Eagle Mountains, where her mom fell in love with a twisted Joshua tree, insisting on painting it. They rented a small, swaybacked house in Midland, surrounded by the sounds of coyotes and rustling creatures.

One night, Jeannette thought she saw a demon under their bed. Her dad humorously played along, brandishing his hunting knife and reassuring her that monsters were only scary until you stared them down. Life in Midland was harsh, with little rain and a landscape filled with scaly creatures and ancient creosote bushes. Their cat, Juju, died from a rattlesnake bite, and they buried him near the Joshua tree.

Her dad found work in a gypsum mine, and her mom continued her artistic pursuits. When her mom gave birth to Maureen, Jeannette promised to always take care of her. Despite financial struggles, her dad gifted them stars for Christmas, claiming them as their own. Jeannette chose Venus, and her dad explained its unique qualities. They cherished their celestial gifts, knowing they'd last longer than any toy.

Life in Battle Mountain was filled with adventures. They explored the desert, collected rocks, and played games their dad invented. Sunday nights meant family dinners at the Owl Club, where they enjoyed greasy onion rings and milkshakes. Jeannette's mom and dad enrolled them in school, where she learned to navigate social dynamics and fend off bullies with Brian's help.

Their makeshift home was furnished with wooden spools and cardboard boxes, making bedtime feel like an adventure. Despite the challenges, they found joy in their unconventional life, always seeking the next adventure and treasure in the desert.

Desert Diaries: A Family's Wild Adventures from Vegas Casinos to Battle Mountain

Jeannette Walls and her siblings never received allowances as children; instead, they earned money by picking up beer cans and bottles along the roadside or selling scrap metal. Brian and Jeannette loved going to the candy store with their earnings, where they'd spend an hour deciding what to buy. Brian favored giant SweeTart candies, while Jeannette indulged in Sugar Daddy lollipops that lasted half the day.

Their curiosity often led them to spy on the nearby Green Lantern, a house their mother referred to as a cathouse. They would hide and try to peer inside, but the windows were painted black. One day, Jeannette dared Brian to talk to a woman on the porch. The woman was kind and explained to him that men came in because the women were nice to them. After that, Brian would wave at the women, but Jeannette remained wary.

Their house in Battle Mountain was a chaotic menagerie of stray animals, from dogs and cats to a coyote and even a buzzard. They couldn't afford pet food, so the animals ate their leftovers. Their mother believed in self-sufficiency and letting nature take its course. Flies were allowed to proliferate because they were food for the birds and lizards, which in turn fed the cats.

One cold weekend, their father announced that they were going swimming at the Hot Pot, a sulfur spring in the desert. Even though Jeannette was terrified of large bodies of water, her father decided she would learn to swim that day. He repeatedly threw her into the middle of the Hot Pot until she finally managed to swim to safety on her own.

One day, Lori, the eldest sibling in the Walls family, informed Jeannette that their father had lost his job. Despite this, he insisted he hadn't really lost it but had arranged to be fired to search for gold. As food became scarce, they all tried to help out. Jeannette scavenged at school and from friends' houses, while Brian once stole a jar of pickles and was forced to eat the entire thing as punishment.

Their mother eventually got a job teaching, and while her students adored her, she hated it. She believed in providing freedom rather than enforcing rules, which clashed with the school's expectations. Lori, Brian, and Jeannette helped her with grading and lesson plans to keep her from getting fired.

Despite their mother's salary, their financial troubles continued. Their father insisted on handling the money, often spending it on his "research" or gambling. They resorted to hiding money from him, but he usually found a way to get it, leading to more arguments and tension at home.

One particular fight escalated dramatically, with their mother dangling from a second-story window, screaming that their father was trying to kill her. The neighbors gathered, some concerned, others amused. Lori, Brian, and Jeannette managed to pull their mother back inside, but the incident left them all shaken.

Eventually, their father decided they would move to Phoenix, where their mother had inherited an old adobe house from Grandma Smith. The move was spurred by an incident with a neighbor boy, Billy Deel, which had gotten out of hand. As they prepared to leave Battle Mountain, Jeannette felt a mix of sadness and hope, ready for their next adventure.

Could You Survive a Childhood Filled with Poverty, Chaos, and Adventure?

When they arrived at the house on North Third Street, Jeannette Walls couldn't believe it. It was huge—a mansion, practically. Built almost a hundred years ago as a fort, its walls were three feet thick. They explored and counted fourteen rooms filled with Grandma Smith’s antiques. The front yard had a palm tree, and the backyard had orange trees with real oranges. They felt like they had arrived at an oasis.

They lived in a diverse neighborhood with Mexicans and Indians who had moved in after the whites left for the suburbs. Jeannette's mom insisted they go to Emerson, a public school in a fancier neighborhood. Emerson had lush green playgrounds and modern equipment. Despite being outside the school district, their mom persuaded the principal to let them attend. The school had its own nurse who diagnosed Lori as severely shortsighted, requiring her to wear glasses. Seeing the world clearly for the first time, Lori decided she wanted to be an artist like her mom.

Their mom threw herself into her art career, setting up a studio and gallery in the house. They helped by creating an art reference library from old magazines. Their mom also worked on her writing, filling the studio with typewriters. Their dad joined the local electricians' union and brought home steady money for the first time.

One day their dad surprised them with brand-new bicycles. They rode them everywhere, exploring the city, and feeling a new sense of freedom. They even got their own telephone, a first for their family, and a record player from Grandma. Despite some luxuries, life had its challenges, like battling armies of cockroaches and dealing with a termite-infested house.

Over time, their dad’s drinking worsened, and after losing several jobs, they started scraping by again. Their mom talked about moving to West Virginia, hoping their dad's parents could help. But first, she bought a used car for the move. Despite their dad's refusal to join them, they packed up the Oldsmobile, leaving the house as it was to fool potential burglars. As they were about to leave, they all begged their dad to come with them. After a moment, he flicked his cigarette, closed the door, and took the wheel.

Journey Through the Looking Glass: A Family's Tale of Grit, Art, and Survival

Back in Battle Mountain, the Walls family had stopped naming their cars because they were such heaps. Their miserable Oldsmobile broke down constantly, and they patched it up with rope and garbage bags. Their journey to Welch, West Virginia, was a month-long ordeal, reminiscent of traveling in a Conestoga wagon.

Upon arrival in Welch, they met Jeannette's dad’s family: Grandma Erma, greeted them with a gruff, unsmiling welcome. She was a large, pasty woman with a cigarette constantly dangling from her mouth, and she made it clear she was not pleased to see them. Grandpa Ted was frail and mumbly, and Uncle Stanley, reeking of whiskey, was overly affectionate, making Walls wonder if they were really her dad's family.

At Welch Elementary, Jeannette and her brother Brian were placed in special classes due to their accents and perceived slowness. Walls endured bullying from a girl named Dinitia Hewitt, who eventually warmed up to her after she saved her neighbor from a dog. 

At home, Erma’s racism was blatant, and she banned them from her house after Brian accused her of inappropriate behavior. Her dad sided with Erma, leaving them to live in a dilapidated house on Little Hobart Street. It had no indoor plumbing, and the kitchen ceiling leaked. They slept on cardboard mattresses and shared one bed to keep warm.

Despite the hardships, Jeannette and her family tried to make the best of Welch. Brian and Jeannette dug a foundation for their dad’s Glass Castle, which ended up filled with garbage. A rat named Rufus took up residence, and after they killed it, their neighbor mistook it for a possum and shot it.

Her mom tried to cheer up the house with her paintings and stained-glass-like bottles, but it was still cold and dank. Jeannette found a can of yellow paint and started painting the house, hoping to inspire everyone to help. But the paint froze, ruining her efforts and leaving them with a half-finished patch job that screamed their inadequacy to the world.

Welch was their new home, and they had to adapt, even if it meant living in a weird, half-painted house with dreams of a Glass Castle buried under garbage.

Could You Survive the Harsh Life of the Walls Family in Welch, West Virginia?

In Welch, they lived among struggling families, many relying on public aid, but not the Walls family. Despite being the poorest, Jeannette's parents never accepted welfare or charity. Her mother even refused church-donated clothes, insisting, "We can take care of our own." Some neighbors had it even tougher, like the twelve Grady kids with a bedridden mom and a dad who was either dead or gone. They ran wild, once using their dad's old shotgun to fire at Brian and Jeannette.

Kenny Hall, a mentally retarded man in his forties, developed a crush on Jeannette after she was kind to him. Kids teased him, making him believe he'd get a date with her if he paid them or stripped. It was heartbreaking for Jeannette to explain their tricks to him, but even tougher was the Pastor family, led by Ginnie Sue, the town whore. 

Ginnie Sue had eight daughters and a son. Despite her reputation, she looked like any other mom. When Kathy, her lice-ridden daughter, invited Jeannette over, she was curious about their life. Ginnie Sue was kind and welcoming, offering them chicken rolls while sharing her unfulfilled dream of living in California.

In Welch, fights were common, from street brawls to bar stabbings. Jeannette and her family faced frequent battles, from school gangs to neighborhood bullies like Ernie Goad. Ernie once led an attack, calling them "garbage" and throwing rocks at their house. Brian and Jeannette, with a makeshift catapult, defended themselves in the "Battle of Little Hobart Street," driving them away.

Summers brought some relief. They foraged for food, picking wild berries and corn, even attempting poke salad. Once, they found canned food in an abandoned house, but it was rotten. At school, Brian and Jeannette hid their poverty, reading during lunch to avoid showing they had no food. Maureen, however, always had enough, thanks to neighborhood friends.

Winter was harsh. They couldn't afford coal, so they collected fallen pieces and wood, but it barely kept them warm. Ice formed inside the house, and they wore coats to bed. Despite the cold, none of them got sick, perhaps a testament to their mother's belief that cold killed germs.

One spring, Brian and Jeannette found a diamond ring in the dirt. It was worth more than their house, but their mother kept it for her self-esteem, refusing to sell it for food or bills. Their mother's moods swung wildly, from crying fits to energetic cleaning sprees. She believed exercise would lift her spirits, but Jeannette knew they needed drastic changes. She urged her mother to leave their father, convinced they'd qualify for aid, but her mother refused, citing faith and her addiction to excitement.

Despite the hardships, there were moments of joy. Jeannette and her father shared a laugh over their home's prime location, and Jeannette found solace swimming with Dinitia Hewitt and her friends. They welcomed her at the pool, where they played and laughed, making Jeannette feel cleaner and happier than ever.

Surviving Welch: A Tale of Poverty, Perseverance and Unusual Friendships

One afternoon, while basking in the post-swim glow of chlorine-scrubbed skin and exhausted muscles, Jeannette Walls heard a knock at the door. It was a government man from child welfare, looking into possible neglect at her home. She firmly denied any neglect, boasting about her dad's entrepreneurial spirit and her mom's artistic talents, though inwardly, she feared he might separate her and her siblings. 

When her mom returned home, she pondered the situation while painting a woman drowning, an image that mirrored their reality. Yet, she quickly found a teaching job, a rarity given her disorganized tendencies, and they hurriedly cleaned the house, though the welfare man never returned. 

Her mom's paycheck brought a brief sense of relief, but money always disappeared mysteriously. This led to scraping by with a dollar for Neapolitan ice cream dinners, and futile budgeting attempts by Lori and Jeannette.

At Welch High, Jeannette joined the school paper, The Maroon Wave, seeking belonging. Her focus on journalism stemmed from witnessing the purposeful newsroom atmosphere, contrasting sharply with her mom's isolated writing endeavors. She thrived, learning about the world beyond their skewed family perspectives.

Meanwhile, family dynamics strained under financial pressures. Her mom's meltdowns and her dad's constant need for money exposed their vulnerabilities. During one of her mom's absences, her dad exploited Jeannette's soft spot for him, demanding money for dubious needs. Despite her anger, she couldn't refuse.

In a desperate attempt to make ends meet, Jeannette applied for a job at Becker's Jewel Box, lying about her age to secure the position. The job was a mix of joy and discomfort, with Mr. Becker's inappropriate advances and distrust. One day, tempted by a watch, she stole it but returned it the next day, unable to bear the guilt.

Through it all, Jeannette realized that being strong, like her mom, required more resilience than she had imagined. Yet, she remained determined to forge a different path, one where she wouldn't be stuck in an unheated shack, crying over lost opportunities. Their story was one of survival, resilience, and the unyielding hope for a better future.

Can Resilience and Hope Pave a Path to Survival Amidst Neglect and Poverty?

In late August, Jeannette was washing clothes when she heard Lori singing as she came up the stairs. Lori was glowing, recounting her summer camp experiences, hot meals, showers, friends, and even a boyfriend. 

Inspired by the normalcy she felt, Lori realized she might have a shot at a happy life away from Welch. A few days later, their Mom returned from a summer spent renewing her teaching certificate. She'd had an epiphany, deciding to quit teaching and focus on her art, much to their dismay, as they needed the money.

On the first day of school, their Mom refused to get out of bed, claiming illness because of yellow mucus. Jeannette confronted her, but she stood her ground, leading to a tense standoff with their Dad when he came home. Their Dad sided with their Mom, and when Jeannette challenged him, he whipped her. Jeannette resolved never to let anyone do that to her again and decided, like Lori, to leave Welch.

That fall, two filmmakers from New York, Ken Fink and Bob Gross, arrived in Welch. Their enthusiasm for the city's vibrancy and creativity ignited Lori's dream to move there. They started saving money in a piggy bank named Oz, doing odd jobs and commissions.

Despite their efforts, their Dad stole their savings, crushing Lori's spirits. Determined, Jeannette restarted the fund covertly. Eventually, Lori got an opportunity to leave for New York by babysitting for a family moving to Iowa. The morning she left was misty, and she didn't look back. Their Dad, feeling the family was falling apart, was right.

Jeannette became heavily involved in the school newspaper, finding a sense of belonging and purpose. Inspired by Lori's letters about her exciting new life, Jeannette decided she would join her in New York after graduating. When she told their Dad, he tried to convince her to stay, but her mind was set. She knew she had to leave to build a better future.

On the morning of her departure, their Dad walked Jeannette to the bus station, giving her his favorite jackknife for protection. As the bus pulled away, she waved goodbye, knowing this was the start of a new chapter. Jeannette was determined to leave Welch behind and never look back.

Escaping Welch: A Tale of Resilience and the Pursuit of Dreams

It was dusk when Jeannette first glimpsed New York City, its skyscrapers glowing like fire in the setting sun. Her heart raced as the bus crested a ridge, revealing a bustling island of glass and steel. Nervously, Jeannette studied her reflection in the tiny restroom mirror, hoping New Yorkers would see the inner beauty her father always said she had.

Arriving at the terminal, a blur of hurrying bodies surrounded her until she heard her name. A pale guy named Evan, a friend of her sister Lori, greeted her. He dropped her off at Zum Zum, a German restaurant where Lori worked, her hair in twin buns, carrying beer steins and speaking in a thick accent for better tips. 

While Lori finished her shift, Jeannette wandered the streets, and despite warnings about rude New Yorkers, she found that once they realized she wasn’t hustling them, they warmed up, offered detailed directions, and even drew maps. New Yorkers, she figured, just pretended to be unfriendly.

The next day, Jeannette landed a job at a hamburger joint on Fourteenth Street. Despite the embarrassing uniforms, she loved the excitement of the lunch and dinner rushes. Soon, Lori and Jeannette found an apartment in the South Bronx. Though the building was run-down, it had good bones. Their apartment was bigger and fancier than their old house, complete with oak parquet floors and a deep bathtub.

Living in a rough neighborhood didn’t faze Jeannette; she’d always lived in such places. When she got jumped, she fought back, determined not to be an easy target. In the fall, Lori helped her enroll in a public school offering internships. Despite the broken typewriters and bouncing paychecks, Jeannette loved it. She quit her hamburger job and became a full-time reporter, working ninety-hour weeks, always on the move.

Jeannette wrote to her brother Brian, urging him to join them in New York. He arrived the day after his junior year ended and found a job at an ice-cream parlor. They shared the living room, finding comfort in taking on the world together. Jeannette considered college unnecessary, believing she could learn everything on her own. But her boss, Mike Armstrong, convinced her otherwise. She applied to Barnard and got in, balancing multiple jobs to afford it.

During those years, their parents, living in Welch, called occasionally with updates. Life there was deteriorating, and soon, Maureen joined them in New York. But Maureen struggled, eventually snapping and stabbing their Mom. She was sent to a hospital and then left for California, seeking a fresh start.

After Maureen left, their family fractured. Jeannette focused on her career, writing a weekly column, and mingling with New York’s elite. She married a wealthy man named Eric and lived on Park Avenue, but the lifestyle felt wrong. She invited her Mom to her apartment, offering to help her and Dad, but her Mom refused, worried she’d lost her values.

Her Dad, always proud of her accomplishments, read her columns and called with tips. As Jeannette mingled at high-society events, she kept her past hidden, creating a facade to fit in. But after her Dad’s death, the facade crumbled. She left Eric, returning to a simpler life on the West Side. The compulsive need to move faded, and she found peace walking along the river, looking at Venus on the horizon, a constant amidst the chaos.

Can a West Virginia Girl Find Her Place in the Heart of New York City?

On a bright November afternoon, Jeannette stood on the platform with her husband, John, waiting for the train. As the whistle blew and the train approached, its headlights cutting through the trees, she spotted her mom and sister, Lori, through the crowd. It had been five years since Dad’s death and the first family gathering since his funeral. John had suggested inviting them to their charming old farmhouse for Thanksgiving.

Mom, bundled in multiple sweaters and carrying shopping bags, greeted her with a radiant smile. Lori, dramatic in a black cape and fedora, followed closely. Mom apologized for her attire, promising to change into dress shoes from her bag. As they drove home, John, a writer with a shared Appalachian heritage, pointed out local sights and history. Jeannette felt a swell of affection for him, admiring his warmth, creativity, and the way he embraced her scars as a testament to her strength.

At the farmhouse, they were greeted by John’s daughter, Jessica, and her brother Brian with his daughter, Veronica. Brian teased Mom about the quirky gifts she brought from a dumpster dive: rusting silverware, old books, and chipped china. He, now a detective and skilled renovator, had done well for himself despite past challenges.

They toured the winter-ready gardens, all maintained by her and John. Mom, always valuing self-sufficiency, appreciated their work. An impulsive run onto the pool cover left her laughing with Charlie, the dog, much to Veronica’s wide-eyed surprise. Jessica noted how much Mom’s laughter resembled hers.

Inside, the house was cozy and warm, with wide-planked floors, big fireplaces, and rustic beams. Mom approved of a garish Egyptian couch they’d found at a flea market, declaring every home needed one piece of furniture in bad taste.

The kitchen was filled with the aroma of John’s Thanksgiving feast. As they sat down, Brian marveled at the abundance, recalling their past struggles. They reminisced about Dad’s wild adventures, from petting cheetahs to hunting demons. As they raised their glasses, Jeannette felt Dad’s presence, his laughter echoing in the flicker of the candle flames against the window’s rattling glass.

Thanksgiving Reflections: A Family Reunion Amidst Laughter and Memories

Jeannette Walls recalls her tumultuous childhood growing up in a deeply dysfunctional family. Despite living in poverty, her parents were fiercely independent and instilled a sense of resilience in their children. 

Jeannette's parents' life choices, incomprehensible to her, were a testament to their fierce independence. Over time, their nomadic lifestyle, replete with laughter, fear, and her father's mythical adventures, shaped Jeannette's own life. 

The family's hardships were numerous, including her mother's refusal to sell a found diamond ring for food or bills, and her father's constant need for money. Despite these challenges, Jeannette and her siblings found moments of joy and learned to fend for themselves, finding beauty in desolation and joy in survival. 

Inspired by her sister Lori's move to New York, Jeannette decided to join her after graduating high school. In New York, Jeannette became heavily involved in journalism and eventually attended Barnard College. Despite living a comfortable life in New York, Jeannette felt a sense of hollowness and yearned for the raw, unfiltered life her parents embraced. 

After Jeannette's father's death, she left her wealthy husband, returning to a simpler life. She found peace and stability in her new life, symbolized by the constant presence of Venus on the horizon. Despite their tumultuous past, Jeannette and her siblings were able to carve out successful lives for themselves, embodying the resilience and resourcefulness instilled by their parents.

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