Did you know about the downfall of FTX's founder, Sam Bankman-Fried, and how his risky ventures led to a 25-year prison sentence? Did you ever wonder about the high-risk, high-reward culture of Silicon Valley and how it affects the tech industry? Have you heard about the most notorious hand in poker history and how it highlighted gender biases in the game? Dive into these stories and more as we explore the thrilling world of risk-takers and their high-stakes ventures.

On the Edge: The Art of Risking Everything

Doyle Brunson, the legendary poker player and author of "Super/System," once declared that poker would always remain a human game, resistant to the prowess of computers. His book, written in 1979, advocated for a "tight aggressive" style that still dominates among top players today. Brunson's tales of poker's gritty past—of being robbed in underground games and bluffing as a strategic necessity—paint a picture of a game deeply rooted in human psychology and risk.

Yet, despite Brunson's assertion, the evolution of poker has proven otherwise. From the rough riverboat origins to the shiny tables of the World Series of Poker, the game has undergone a seismic shift, especially with the introduction of computer algorithms and game theory. Computers have become formidable opponents, mastering the art of poker through sophisticated programs like Polaris, Libratus, and Pluribus, which have bested human champions in complex matches.

This technological revolution mirrors the "Moneyball" phenomenon in baseball, where data and analytics transformed traditional strategies. The poker world has seen its version of this revolution, with players like Daniel Negreanu adapting their game to incorporate these new strategies. Negreanu's journey from a feel-driven, chatty player to a student of game theory exemplifies the shift in poker's landscape.

Game theory, pioneered by minds like John von Neumann, who preferred poker's unpredictability over chess, has deeply influenced modern poker. The Nash equilibrium—a concept defining optimal strategic balance—guides players to randomize their actions, making it challenging for opponents to predict and exploit them. This approach has been integrated into poker solvers like PioSOLVER, which offer complex strategic insights and emphasize the importance of deception.

Yet, the debate between game theory's GTO (game theory optimal) play and exploitative strategies persists. Players like Doug Polk rely heavily on GTO approaches, meticulously memorizing strategies to outplay opponents. In contrast, Vanessa Selbst thrives on exploitation, reading into her opponents' behaviors and life situations to gain an edge.

Ultimately, while computers have undeniably advanced the game, poker remains a human endeavor. The interplay between exploiting human psychology and embracing computer-driven strategies ensures that poker, at its heart, is still very much a people game. Brunson's legacy lives on in this dynamic fusion, proving that while computers have changed poker forever, the human element still holds sway at the table.

Can Poker Legends Like Doyle Brunson and Daniel Negreanu Outplay Today's AI Opponents?

Garrett Adelstein had just lost a $269,000 pot to Robbi Jade Lew on the Hustler Casino Live poker livestream. Lew had called Adelstein's massive all-in bet with a seemingly weak hand, J4, a move that baffled viewers and commentators alike. 

Adelstein, still with $682,000 in front of him, suspected he had been cheated, not just out of money but in his own game. Despite his prestigious status in the Hustler livestream, where he had lifetime winnings of over $1.5 million, this hand against Lew seemed to shake his confidence.

Lew, a relative newcomer to high-stakes poker, had just made what would become known as "the Robbi"—a call that defied conventional poker wisdom. The players agreed to run the final card twice, a strategy to reduce luck, but neither card helped Adelstein. When Lew revealed her J4, the poker world erupted. Adelstein's reaction was intense, and the poker community was divided on whether Lew had made an incredible read or if something more nefarious was at play.

The incident had massive repercussions, not just for Adelstein and Lew, but for the entire Los Angeles poker scene. Lew’s playful demeanor at the table and subsequent teasing of Adelstein, who had publicly struggled with depression, added fuel to the fire. The poker community scrutinized the hand, and theories about Lew's play ranged from a brilliant read to potential cheating.

This controversy unfolded against a backdrop where high-stakes poker is often more about connections and personalities than pure skill. The Hustler livestream games were designed to be entertaining, featuring a mix of professional players and wealthy amateurs. Adelstein, known for his aggressive and entertaining style, had been a central figure until Lew's unexpected victory.

The poker world is also a microcosm of larger societal dynamics, with issues of fairness, gender, and meritocracy at play. Lew’s call and the ensuing scandal highlighted the complexities and high emotions involved in high-stakes poker.

Adelstein's suspicion of cheating was not unfounded. The poker community had seen its share of cheating scandals, and the Hustler’s security measures were questioned. Despite extensive reviews of the footage, no conclusive evidence of cheating by Lew was found. Many in the poker world leaned toward the theory that Lew had simply made a bizarre but genuine play.

The psychological and physiological aspects of high-stakes poker were also spotlighted. The intense pressure and risk involved in such games can lead to heightened emotional and physical responses, as detailed in studies by neuroscientist John Coates. This incident, like many in poker, was a reminder of the thin line between brilliance and blunder, risk and reward.

Ultimately, the Garrett-Robbi hand became a defining moment in poker lore, a case study in the unpredictable nature of the game and the intense scrutiny that comes with high-stakes competition. Whether seen as a moment of sheer audacity or a possible breach of integrity, it highlighted the volatile and captivating world of professional poker.

Poker Showdown: Hustler Casino Live Controversy

Card counting in blackjack is often seen as a mysterious and complex skill, but Jeff Ma, a former MIT Blackjack Team member, insists it’s quite teachable. Ma’s expertise inspired the book "Bringing Down the House" and the film "21," showcasing how he and his team exploited casinos using mathematical strategies. 

While card counting can indeed tip the odds in your favor by tracking high and low cards, Ma emphasizes that the real challenge lies in maintaining the facade of a typical casino tourist to avoid detection and potential banning from the premises. Casinos, after all, are skilled at protecting their interests, and while card counting isn’t illegal, it can get you banned if you’re caught.

The allure of card counting lies in blackjack’s relatively low house advantage, especially in games like the single-deck blackjack at Las Vegas’s El Cortez, where the house edge is a meager 0.18%. Yet, most gamblers are more likely to encounter games with a 0.5% house edge or higher. To succeed, a card counter must find the right game, keep a precise count of the cards, and place larger bets when the deck is favorable. However, the hardest part is blending in, as Ma learned through rigorous practice and the adoption of various personas to mislead casino staff.

The story of the MIT Blackjack Team reflects a broader trend of data-driven strategies disrupting traditional industries, much like the Moneyball approach in sports. This shift is evident in the evolution of the casino business itself, which once relied heavily on glitzy attractions but now leans on data analytics to optimize customer engagement and profitability. Casinos have mastered the art of customer loyalty and rewards programs, offering enticing perks to high rollers and leveraging data to keep patrons gambling longer.

Yet, the world of gambling is not without its dark sides. Slot machines, with their high house edge and addictive nature, account for a significant portion of casino revenues. Some players fall into a trance-like state, seeking escape rather than excitement, leading to compulsive gambling behaviors. This aspect of casino culture is a stark contrast to the calculated risks taken by skilled gamblers like Ma and his team.

As casinos continue to adapt and thrive in a data-driven world, they offer a fascinating lens into human behavior, risk, and reward. Whether through card counting, loyalty programs, or the allure of the slots, casinos remain a testament to the enduring human fascination with chance and fortune.

Can You Outsmart Casinos Like Jeff Ma and the MIT Blackjack Team?

Nate Silver, the author, sat down with Gadoon Kyrollos, better known as Spanky, at a Brooklyn pizza joint. Spanky, a professional sports bettor, shared insights on the world of betting. "A bottom-up guy, no matter how good his model is, if he can’t bet, he’s worthless,” he said. Spanky knows how to bet, leveraging his vast network of contacts.

Spanky explained the two types of sports bettors: bottom-up, who use data and models, and top-down, which he prefers, focusing on arbitrage and clever betting tactics. The most successful bettors use a mix of both approaches. 

Betting isn’t just about having the right model; it’s about execution. When mobile sports betting went live in New York, Nate started betting regularly, only to find himself limited by major retail sites like BetMGM and DraftKings. Being limited means casinos restrict how much you can bet.

Spanky reminisced about the early days of online betting when discrepancies in lines allowed for easy arbitrage plays. Today, the market is more efficient, and the margin for profit is razor-thin. Bettors need to win just over 52% of their bets to break even, and top professionals aim to win around 53-54% of the time.

The sports betting industry has become highly competitive, resembling an algorithmic arms race. Despite the efficiency, not many bettors or sportsbooks get rich. Recent scandals, like Jontay Porter manipulating NBA stats and Ippei Mizuhara’s theft from Shohei Ohtani, show the darker side of the industry.

In Las Vegas, the Westgate SuperBook offers a behind-the-scenes look at how lines are set and adjusted. It’s a blend of human judgment and algorithms, with traders making thousands of line moves per shift. Yet, the software isn’t always sophisticated, and human intervention is crucial.

At the heart of successful sports betting is the ability to get your money down. Bettors like Billy Walters, considered the best of all time, emphasize the importance of consensus and seeking out every possible advantage. Walters’ success comes from a network of quants, sharps, and informants, all working independently to reduce groupthink.

Sportsbooks and sharp bettors have an adversarial relationship. Retail sportsbooks like DraftKings aggressively limit winning players, while market makers like Circa Sports offer a narrower menu but rarely limit customers. 

The journey of a sports bettor involves constant adaptation and strategy. From managing limits to navigating the complexities of betting lines, the world of sports betting is as much about street smarts and hustle as it is about analytics.

Inside the World of Sports Betting: Insights from Pro Bettor Spanky

Most of the risk-takers you’ll meet usually are quantitative types, like poker players or investors. But risk-takers aren't just about numbers. Let's explore some exceptional individuals who take physical risks.

Kathryn Sullivan, our first panelist, overcame remarkable odds to become an astronaut, one of thirty-five candidates chosen out of almost ten thousand applicants in 1978. She pursued a PhD in oceanography, yet NASA saw her potential. Sullivan was the first American woman to perform a spacewalk. Despite the long odds and competing against men with military backgrounds, Sullivan's confidence carried her through.

Next, Katalin Karikó, a lifelong risk-taker, fled Communist Hungary in 1985 with her family and £900 smuggled in a teddy bear. She doggedly pursued mRNA technology, leading to the COVID-19 vaccines. Despite skepticism and threats of deportation, she persevered, sleeping in her office for nine months and reading obsessively about mRNA.

Next, Dave Anderson, a former NFL wide receiver, was drafted 251st. His position required physical bravery, catching balls where linebackers roamed. Injuries are common in the NFL, with a 40% chance of being hurt each year. Anderson, now CEO of BreakAway Data, likens football players to modern-day gladiators.

Victor Vescovo, a private equity investor by day, is an explorer by passion. He was the first to reach both Mount Everest's summit and the bottom of the Mariana Trench. Vescovo emphasizes risk assessment and adapting to circumstances, whether in exploration, the military, or investing.

These individuals share common traits: being cool under pressure, having courage, strategic empathy, and focusing on process over results. They take calculated risks, are prepared, and adapt quickly. They also exhibit independence of mind and purpose, often charting their own course in life.

Successful risk-takers, like Sullivan and Karikó, are process-oriented, not driven by immediate results. They have the courage to pursue their goals despite setbacks, taking shots and being comfortable with failure. They know when to raise the stakes and when to fold, avoiding mediocrity and quitting when necessary.

Preparation is key. Vescovo criticizes the improvisation glorified in movies, emphasizing meticulous preparation instead. Training allows instincts to kick in during emergencies. Successful risk-takers also have selectively high attention to detail, conserving energy for critical moments.

They are adaptable generalists, ready to seize new opportunities and respond to threats. NASA looks for such traits in astronauts. These risk-takers are good estimators, turning intuitions into probabilities and acting on them. They strive to stand out, not fit in, driven by independence and a desire to prove conventional wisdom wrong.

Finally, they are not driven by money but by an intrinsic desire to take risks. Whether it's playing high-stakes poker or exploring the unknown, they find kinship with others who share their passion for living on the edge.

Are You Ready to Meet the Modern Daredevils Like Kathryn Sullivan and Katalin Karikó?

Peter Thiel recalls an incident in 2000 when he and Elon Musk, desperate for cash for their companies, experienced a dramatic car crash in Musk's uninsured McLaren F1. Musk's disregard for the possibility of a crash highlighted his risk-taking nature, which Thiel found both impressive and concerning. This daring approach, however, is a hallmark of Silicon Valley's culture, where high-risk, high-reward ventures are the norm.

Venture capitalists (VCs) in Silicon Valley, like Vinod Khosla, understand that a remote chance of success can be worth pursuing if the payoff is substantial. This mindset differentiates Silicon Valley from Wall Street, emphasizing personality traits like competitiveness and risk tolerance. Marc Andreessen's "Techno-Optimist Manifesto" underscores this belief in risk-taking and innovation.

The story of Silicon Valley is one of disruption and innovation, often driven by "unreasonable" individuals like Musk and Thiel. The region's success is rooted in its long-term investment horizons and asymmetric returns, rewarding those who take chances on potentially revolutionary ideas. However, this culture also attracts stubborn and sometimes difficult personalities, as seen with Musk and Thiel.

Despite the Valley's success, it faces criticism for potentially selecting for "crazy asshole" founders and lacking diversity among its ranks. The intense competition and high stakes can lead to a concentration of power among a few elite firms, raising questions about fairness and representation.

Silicon Valley's rivalry with the "Village" (government, media, academia) is fueled by differing values. The Valley's individualism and contrarianism clash with the Village's group allegiance and risk aversion. This ideological struggle has intensified since the 2016 election, with Silicon Valley often critical of the Village's perceived dogmatism and regulatory overreach.

The elite VCs, like a16z and Founders Fund, enjoy significant advantages, often compared to top universities in terms of recruitment and reputation. Their success is partly self-fulfilling, as they attract the best talent and opportunities. However, this concentration of power raises concerns about the industry's long-term sustainability and inclusivity.

Ultimately, Silicon Valley's success is a blend of skill, luck, and a unique culture that encourages disruptive innovation. While it champions technological progress, it must also address its own challenges of diversity, fairness, and the potential for self-destructive behavior among its most ambitious founders.

Elon Musk's Risk-Taking Legacy: Silicon Valley's Disruptive Innovators

Picture this: It's December 2022, and you're in a dimming room on New Providence Island, Bahamas, with Sam Bankman-Fried, or SBF as he's known. Just a few weeks earlier, his crypto empire FTX had collapsed, and now he was frantically trying to make sense of his situation. 

Soon, he'd be facing arrest and extradition to the U.S., where he'd be convicted of multiple felonies for defrauding customers, lenders, and investors. Once worth billions, SBF had been a prominent figure in crypto, effective altruism, and politics. But his empire's rapid downfall was more dramatic than most could imagine.

A few years earlier, in the glittering world of Miami's FTX Arena, the crypto buzz was palpable. Parties, lavish spending, and a sense of ubiquity surrounded the industry. Yet, beneath the glitz, risky practices and a lack of regulation hinted at a potential bubble ready to burst. Figures like Alex Mashinsky, CEO of Celsius Network, epitomized the industry's precariousness. His company, like FTX, promised high returns on crypto deposits, a model that would later crumble.

In the midst of this chaos, new players were sucked into the vortex, fueled by the pandemic's boredom and the allure of quick riches. Crypto, with its promise of easy money, attracted many young men seeking economic salvation. But the reality was harsh, with tales like that of Runbo Li, who lost nearly a million dollars trading options, illustrating the perils of high-risk financial gambles.

Bitcoin and Ethereum, the flagship cryptocurrencies, represented different visions. Bitcoin was a decentralized digital currency born from distrust in government, while Ethereum, created by Vitalik Buterin, offered a platform for smart contracts and NFTs. This divide highlighted the cultural clash within the crypto world.

As the crypto bubble swelled, figures like SBF capitalized on the frenzy. Yet, his risky bets and disregard for traditional risk management principles eventually led to FTX's spectacular downfall. SBF's belief in extreme risk-taking, even to the point of potential ruin, was a gamble that ended disastrously.

Despite the chaos, crypto's story isn't solely one of collapse. It remains a world where innovation and risk intersect, with lessons to be learned about the fine line between ambition and folly. As the dust settles, the crypto narrative continues, a testament to the human penchant for risk and reward.

Did Sam Bankman-Fried's Risky Bets Signal the End of Crypto's Glittering Era?

In August 2022, at Eleven Madison Park in NYC, a gathering celebrated the launch of Will MacAskill's book, "What We Owe the Future." MacAskill, a key figure in the effective altruism (EA) movement, champions the idea of maximizing good through evidence-based philanthropy. 

The event was hosted by Sam Bankman-Fried (SBF), a major EA benefactor through his FTX Foundation. Despite SBF's controversial actions, including a failed political investment in Oregon, his interest in EA seemed partly genuine, inspired by MacAskill's "earning to give" philosophy.

EA emphasizes doing good effectively, often through a utilitarian lens—seeking the greatest good for the greatest number. This approach attracts affluent figures like Warren Buffett and Bill Gates, who contribute significant wealth to charitable causes.

Beyond EA, the rationalist movement, with thinkers like Eliezer Yudkowsky, overlaps in its analytical approach. Both movements prioritize evidence-based reasoning, often challenging societal norms. This mindset has influenced discussions on AI, posing existential risks and ethical questions around advanced technologies.

In 2018, a real-world "trolley problem" unfolded when a dog named Dakota wandered onto New York subway tracks, prompting officials to halt trains for her safety, illustrating the complex moral calculus in everyday decisions.

EA's utilitarian roots, influenced by philosophers like Peter Singer, advocate for impartiality in moral considerations, often extending to global poverty and animal welfare. Yet, critics argue that utilitarianism can oversimplify complex ethical issues, ignoring the nuances of human relationships and cultural contexts.

The narrative of EA and rationalism is intertwined with a broader discussion on ethics, AI, and the future of humanity, reflecting a blend of idealism and practicality. As these movements evolve, they continue to provoke debate on the best paths to a better world.

Sam Bankman-Fried Hosts Will MacAskill's Book Launch at Eleven Madison Park

In late 2023, Sam Bankman-Fried, founder of FTX, found himself on trial in Manhattan. His fate hinged on a seemingly random game of roulette, as judges in New York are assigned to cases by the spin of a wooden wheel. 

Unfortunately for SBF, he drew Judge Lewis Kaplan, known for his tough stance on white-collar crimes. Kaplan's reputation suggested that SBF wouldn't get off lightly, and indeed, after taking the witness stand and perjuring himself, SBF received a 25-year prison sentence.

Bankman-Fried's journey from the Bahamas to a New York courtroom was marked by a series of missteps and overestimations. Despite his confident exterior, SBF's understanding of the risks involved in his crypto ventures was deeply flawed. He underestimated the leverage on Alameda's balance sheet, the impact of a market crash, and the extent to which Alameda's activities were funded by FTX customer deposits. These errors were compounded by a lack of remorse and a belief that he could game the system, which did not endear him to the jury.

The trial featured compelling testimony from Caroline Ellison, former CEO of Alameda and SBF's ex-girlfriend, who provided damning evidence against him. She revealed that SBF directed the use of FTX customer funds to repay Alameda’s loans, contradicting his claims of ignorance. SBF's defense was weak, and his original legal team abandoned him, leaving him to a near-certain conviction.

SBF's downfall can be partly attributed to his utilitarian philosophy, which led him to justify extreme risks for the sake of potential high rewards. This mindset mirrored the Kelly criterion in gambling, where he believed in betting aggressively beyond traditional limits. His goal was to amass wealth to fund altruistic causes, but his overconfidence and poor judgment resulted in catastrophic failure.

Ultimately, SBF's story is a cautionary tale about the dangers of unchecked ambition and the belief that one can outsmart the system. His trial and conviction serve as a reminder of the perils of overconfidence and the importance of ethical boundaries in both business and personal conduct.

Did SBF's Overconfidence and Ambition Lead to His 25-Year Sentence?

Sam Altman is a true Riverian, always seeking where the action is. His journey from Y Combinator, where he was one of the successful early founders, to co-chairing OpenAI with Elon Musk, highlights his relentless pursuit of transformative technology. 

OpenAI, an ambitious non-profit research lab funded by Silicon Valley heavyweights, focuses on artificial intelligence, a field with immense potential and risk. The Manhattan Project analogy Altman uses underscores the monumental impact AI could have, both positive and catastrophic.

Altman's optimism is clear: he believes AI can fundamentally transform society, potentially ending poverty. He acknowledges the massive risks but insists the potential upsides are too great to ignore. This perspective is shared by many in Silicon Valley, despite the looming existential risks AI poses. The consensus is that AI development is inevitable, and the focus should be on finding the safest path forward.

The debate over AI's impact is intense. Some, like Eliezer Yudkowsky, predict near-certain doom, arguing that superintelligent AI could lead to human extinction. Others believe in humanity's ability to manage and mitigate these risks. This divide is evident in the contrasting views of domain experts and generalist superforecasters, with the former seeing a higher probability of catastrophic outcomes.

In the end, the narrative underscores the inherent uncertainty and high stakes of AI development. Altman's journey and the broader debate encapsulate the Riverian spirit of seeking action, pushing boundaries, and grappling with the profound implications of technological advancement.

Sam Altman, Elon Musk, and the High Stakes of OpenAI's AI Revolution

Ever since 1776, risk-takers have been winning. The American Revolution was a bold gamble against the larger, better-trained British army. America, founded on Enlightenment ideals like freedom and democracy, emerged victoriously, as did Britain with the Industrial Revolution. This era saw unprecedented economic growth, fueled by policies encouraging risk-taking and innovation. 

Deirdre McCloskey noted that England’s economy began growing rapidly in the late 18th century, with GDP growth rates soaring. This progress was enabled by private property rights and a social safety net, allowing people to take risks for better lives. Initially, these opportunities were limited to free white men, but they gradually expanded to include more diverse groups.

The Industrial Revolution's impact was profound, leading to significant economic growth worldwide. Paul Ehrlich's 1968 prediction of global starvation due to overpopulation was proven wrong as economic growth lifted millions out of poverty. Despite challenges, the world continues to grow, although at a slower pace today.

Technological advancements from the early 1900s, like the airplane and radio, were groundbreaking. Recent innovations, like the iPhone and mRNA vaccines, also hold promise, though their full impact is yet to be realized. However, progress shouldn’t be taken for granted, as it requires continuous effort and adaptation.

America’s increasing penchant for gambling reflects a broader societal stagnation. Ross Douthat described this as a form of decadence, where new developments like in Las Vegas contrast with stagnation elsewhere. As exploration and physical bravery decline, modern risk-taking often finds outlets in technology and gambling.

Historically, pivot points like 1776 and 1945 marked significant progress. Today, we face new challenges. Francis Fukuyama argues that institutional decay hampers progress, but the principles of liberal democracy and free-market competition remain crucial. 

To navigate these times, we need agency, plurality, and reciprocity. 
- Agency means having informed, accessible choices. 
- Plurality ensures no single ideology dominates. 
- Reciprocity, rooted in game theory, emphasizes treating others with respect and strategic empathy.

While the institutions may falter, hope in democratic governance is essential.

Can the Spirit of 1776 and the Industrial Revolution Inspire Today's Stagnant Society to Take Risks Again?

Poker has evolved significantly since Doyle Brunson's era, with computer algorithms and game theory reshaping strategies. While computers have advanced the game, the human element in poker remains crucial, blending psychology with data-driven approaches. The debate between game theory optimal play and exploitative strategies continues, highlighting poker's dynamic nature.

Card counting in blackjack, once seen as a mysterious skill, is now understood as a teachable mathematical strategy. The challenge lies in maintaining a low profile to avoid detection by casinos. This reflects a broader trend of data-driven strategies disrupting traditional industries, akin to the Moneyball approach in sports.

In sports betting, success depends not only on having the right model but also on execution and navigating industry limitations. Bettors must balance data-driven and intuitive approaches, facing a highly competitive and efficient market.

Risk-takers in various fields share traits like courage, adaptability, and strategic empathy. They focus on process over results, prepare meticulously, and are driven by intrinsic desires rather than monetary gain. These qualities enable them to navigate high-stakes environments effectively.

Silicon Valley's culture of high-risk, high-reward ventures has driven significant innovation but also faces criticism for fostering challenging personalities and a lack of diversity. The region's success relies on a blend of skill, luck, and a unique cultural mindset that encourages disruption.

The collapse of Sam Bankman-Fried's crypto empire, FTX, underscores the dangers of unchecked ambition and poor risk management. His downfall illustrates the perils of overconfidence and the importance of ethical boundaries in business.

AI's rapid advancement presents both transformative potential and existential risks. The debate around AI's future mirrors historical anxieties about technological progress, urging a balance between optimism and caution.

The American Revolution and the Industrial Revolution exemplify the success of risk-taking and innovation. Economic growth has lifted millions out of poverty, but continuous effort and adaptation are necessary to sustain progress. Modern society's increasing focus on technology and gambling reflects broader societal challenges.

Navigating contemporary challenges requires agency, plurality, and reciprocity, balancing individualism with robust institutions and democratic governance. Maintaining hope and strategic empathy are essential as we face an uncertain future.

Home

Trending Books

News & Mags

Relax

Curated

Collections

Key Ideas & Notes

Insights

Highlights & Bookmarks

Listening History

Key Ideas

#1